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...for the Week of January 10, 2000
...for the Week of January 3, 2000
...for the Week of December 13, 1999
... for the Week of December 6, 1999
Following the Crusades, a revived Europe began to flourish again, as
cathedrals replaced castles, cities replaced towns and trade replaced agriculture.
When skepticism about the Church its God arose during and after the Black Death, the
medieval world was ripe for change. With artists like Michelangelo leading the way,
the free will of mankind surfaced again after a 1,000-year absence. Reason joined
with Faith to form the Renaissance, an artistic and intellectual awakening that broke the
western world free from the bonds of feudalism and Christianity. Art flourished as
sculptors and painters expressed their individualism through their works. Humanists
expressed the greatness of man and writers chronicled the vast spectrum of emotion first
championed by the Greeks. The final nail in the door of the Middle Ages was struck
by Martin Luther, a German monk who challenged the very glue that held the Medieval world
together.
Oration on the Dignity of Man - Pico della Mirondola celebrates free will and choice
The Prince - Niccolo Machiavelli theorizes about political leadership during the
Renaissance
The 95 Theses - Luther's shock wave
A Trial of Martin Luther - A German monk challenges the medieval church
Johann Gutenberg - The Man of the Millennium?
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 With wealth from trade and a location on the sea,
Florence was the center of the Renaissance. Bankers like the Medici family funded
the arts, including the David, and the Duomo of Florence, the dome shown above. |
Humanists, like Erasmus (above), Petrarch
and Mirondola, wrote about the re-birth of the classical Greek
and Roman ideals of human ingenuity, spirit and power. |
New political ideas also emerged and the sharply
contrasted the mercy and love preached by the church. According to Machiavelli, it is better to be feared than loved. |
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| Thanks to trade following the Crusades, the
Renaissance spread across Europe to England. Shakespeare's works championed the
range of human emotion, recalling the great Greek tragedies and comedies. |
But the one man who challenged the
medieval world
more than any other was a German monk whose 95 Theses broke
the grip the Catholic church had on Europe. Martin Luther,
like Socrates and Caesar before him, paid a heavy price for his rebellion. |
Yet by many accounts, Luther reformation would not
have been possible had it no been for a nearly broke printer from Mainz. Gutenberg's innovation of movable type, combined with the
simplicity of the phonetic alphabet, changed the world forever. |
| Chapter 16.1 |
Chapter 16.2 |
| Role of Humanism and Art in the Renaissance |
Ideas, like trade and pestilence, spread |
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Italy is at the center...why? |
Difference between Northern and Southern (Italian) renaissance |
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Florence, Rome and Venice |
Why
is Shakespeare a Renaissance man? |
| Chapter 16.3 |
Chapter 16.4 |
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Luther's "justification by faith" |
Protestentism spreads...mainly in the North |
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Purpose and impact of indulgences |
Swiss reformers and the radicals |
| 95
Theses and the aftermath |
How
the Reformation effect the English Monarchy? |
| Chapter 16.5 |
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| The
Catholics strike back - The Inquisition |
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| Then
tries to reform itself - The Council of Trent |
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| In
the end, who won? Who lost? |
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